Which term describes watching live or video examples showing models behaving effectively in a problem situation, such as disciplining a subordinate?

• A. Role-playing
• B. Modeling
• C. Behavioral Modeling
• D. Apprenticeship Training

Answer: (C)

The concept being tested is learning through observing demonstrations of effective behavior and then imitating them. This approach, known as behavioral modeling, uses live or video examples of a model handling a situation well—showing the steps, decision points, language, and outcomes. In the given scenario, watching someone calmly and effectively discipline a subordinate provides a concrete demonstration of how to manage the interaction, what to say, and the tone to use. By observing these behaviors in action, a learner can internalize the sequence and style and then reproduce similar actions in real situations.

Behavioral modeling is more specific than a general term like modeling, because it emphasizes observable behaviors and the instructional sequence: watch an expert, notice the exact behaviors, and then imitate them. Role-playing involves learners practicing the behavior themselves, which is a step beyond mere observation. Apprenticeship training focuses on long-term on-the-job learning with ongoing coaching, rather than a focused demonstration followed by imitation.